Though, some scientists agree that these layers are exactly the same as the seven skies the Quran has mentioned about. Today, it is known that the world's atmosphere consists of different layers that lie on top of each other. Flashcards. It represents .1% of the total mass … The Stratosphere. By aerodynamical state 4 layers, by radiophysical state 3 layers and by chemical processes 2 layers. The troposphere starts at the Earth's surface and extends 8 to 14.5 kilometers high (5 … Earth's atmosphere is a cloud of gas and suspended solids that surrounds the planet. Such is the Decree of Him, the All Mighty, the All- Knower. ) Basically, it forecasts seven layers of the atmosphere: a planetary-boundary layer 50 millibars (about 1,500 feet) above the surface; three evenly spaced layers in the troposphere, including a layer at the tropopause level; and three evenly spaced layers in the stratosphere, with the top layer at 50-millibars." A further region… adithya00077 adithya00077 5 hours ago Environmental Sciences Primary School What is atmosphere. The ionosphere isn't actually a layer of the atmosphere but regions in the layers where … To reach the needed "seven layers" different criteria are being mixed to reach the desired number 7. The stratosphere is the second layer of the atmosphere from the earth’s surface. Lamps refer to the stars which, as we know, are located external to the earth’s atmosphere and even external to our solar system. This layer is the lowest layer of the atmosphere. It's where weather happens and contains the air humans breathe. The air of our planet is 79 percent nitrogen and just under 21 percent oxygen; the small amount remaining is composed of carbon dioxide and other gases. Encarta Encyclopedia, Atmosphere, Free Book: It is called as Troposphere. The layer closest to Earth’s surface is the troposphere, reaching from about seven and 15 kilometers (five to 10 miles) from the surface. What Are Greenhouse Gases and the Greenhouse Effect? 5 different layers of the atmosphere 1. • The earth is divided into 5 atmospheric layers These layers are the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere and thermosphere. Gravity. For example, Earth's atmosphere is commonly divided into five main layers based on temperature. If we had to believe that the seven heavens is an allusion to the seven layers of the atmosphere then we have to assume that stars must be no more than eleven kilometers above the Earth, because as the verse 41:12 says the lower heaven is adorned with brilliant stars. The Earth's atmosphere is divided up into 5 major layers: Exosphere - The last layer and the thinnest. PLAY. Mesosphere. 12. However, the second sky, the third, the forth…. even the seventh haven’t yet been seen. It goes all the way to 10,000 km above the Earth's surface. nocoloroze. Let's look at each, from closest to farthest from the Earth. Troposphere. When visualizing the galaxies in the universe, we find that they consist of billions of stars which are to decorate the skies. The troposphere is the lowest layer of our atmosphere. Earth is surrounded by its atmosphere, which is the body of air or gases that protects the planet and enables life. It is time to move on to the second layer of the atmosphere. Through this article, we will correct this misunderstanding, Scientists have found that the Earth’s atmosphere consists of layers positioned on top of each other, and that these layers differ according to their density. The troposphere starts at … Between each layer of the atmosphere is a boundary. In conclusion, the earth’s atmospheric layers, our solar system and all the galaxies are located in the first sky. It is cast across the way. 14. Review Quiz 1. Learn layers of the atmosphere chapter 7 with free interactive flashcards. Moreover, the number “ 7” has many indications in the Quran and in the prophet’s sayings (peace be upon him). The altitude of the ionosphere's layers changes during the day and from one season to another. In addition, the closest star to us is 4.3 light years distant from us. The temperature of troposphere decreases with altitude, which means that the lowest part of the layer is the warmest at any given point of time. Complete 7.01 Layers of the Atmosphere.For Part 1, you will need to EITHER draw and scan OR use a digital drawing tool (like Paint or Sketchpad) to make a diagram of the atmosphere.. Hence, scientists have set seven different layers of the Earth’s atmosphere. All life on this planet is … Above the troposphere is the tropopause, above the stratosphere is the stratopause, above the mesosphere is the mesopause, and above the thermosphere is the thermopause. Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere Exosphere Ionosphere Magnetosphere Nonetheless, the air would feel cold because the hot molecules are so far apart. This layer is known as the upper atmosphere, and it is where the auroras occur (northern and southern lights). Discover surprising insights and little-known facts about politics, literature, science, and the marvels of the natural world. Thermosphere You have guessed it, high temperatures are the name of the game here. It is the 3rd layer of the atmosphere from the earth’s surface and contains the region … Learn. The 7 Layers Of The Atmosphere. The next layer up is called the stratosphere. LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE 2. Moreover, the number “7” has many indications in the Quran and in the prophet’s sayings (peace be upon him). Ionosphere. Though, some scientists agree that these layers are exactly the same as the seven … Thermosphere - The thermosphere is next and the air is very thin here. The troposphere is the first and lowest layer of the atmosphere of the earth. This is the first and the lowest layer of Earth’s atmosphere. In addition, the closest star to us is 4.3 light years distant from us. This can be attributed to the fact that this layer is most often heated by transfer of energy from the s… The 7 Layers Of The Atmosphere. What Is the Most Abundant Gas in Earth's Atmosphere? PLAY. Exosphere. This layer is where the ozone layer exists and scientists send weather balloons. We can say that the stars and the galaxies we see are in the nearest sky because Allah Almighty says: “, we adorned the nearest (lowest) heaven with lamps to be as an adornment. . It is the first or lowest layer of atmosphere. Task. The depth of this layer varies from about 8 to 16 kilometers. According to temperature, the atmosphere contains four different layers (Figure 7b-1). 6. Created by. These start from surface of Earth and gors up to 10,000 km (6,200 miles). The term troposphere literally means turnover, meaning that in this region air mixes and constantly moves resulting in constant change called weather. a. Troposphere b. STUDY. define the 7 layers of atmosphere. The Common Core 6th grade writing standards (6.2, 6.4-5, 6.10) are addressed as students are asked to read a series of non-fiction paragraphs about each of the atmospheric layers and make a claim as to their distance from the surface of Earth. Greatest depths occur at the tropics where warm temperatures causes vertical expansion of the lower atmosphere. The thermosphere rises several hundred miles above the Earth's surface, from 56 miles (90 km) up to between 311 and 621 miles (500–1,000 km). Test. Terms in this set (13) Tropospehere. SC 6-4.1 ; SC 6-4.7; 2 Layers of the Atmosphere. The layer that is located between 500 and 1000 km above the Earth’s level is known as the thermosphere. A further region, beginning about 500 km above the Earth's surface, is called the exosphere. However, the second sky, the third, the forth…. Learn. Write. Scientists have found that the Earth’s atmosphere consists of layers positioned on top of each other, and that these layers differ according to their density. Ionosphere. From about 31 to 53 miles (50 to 85 km) above the surface of the Earth lies the mesosphere, where the air is especially thin and molecules are great distances apart. Can you pick out what might be the layers? The Troposphere ends at about eleven kilometers above the surface of the Earth. It has five distinct layers. Hence, scientists have set seven different layers of the Earth’s atmosphere. Moreover, the number “, Though, some scientists agree that these layers are exactly the same as the seven skies the Quran has mentioned about. It needs the other layers in the atmosphere to function properly. When visualizing the galaxies in the universe, , we find that they consist of billions of stars which are to decorate the skies. You have … There is no clear upper boundary, as in other layers. 2 Also, this layer of the atmosphere has the lowest temperature of all layers, and they drop down to -90° C. 4. Troposphere The troposphere is the layer that touches the earth's surface at sea level and extends up from 4-12 miles. What is the hottest layer of the atmosphere? Diagram Requirements: Make sure that you make each layer of the atmosphere has its own color. The atmosphere layer closest to the earth is referred to as the troposphere. Troposphere. Most of our atmosphere is located close to Earth's surface, where it is most dense. 1. The envelope of gas surrounding the earth changes from the ground up. This layer is known as the lower atmosphere. Test. How Many Number of Layers in Atmosphere. It extends from the... 2. We can say that the stars and the galaxies we see are in the nearest sky because Allah Almighty says: “we adorned the nearest (lowest) heaven with lamps to be as an adornment” (Sûrat Al-Mulk -verse5 ). Meaning that these stars decorate the first sky that is closest to us and that Allah Almighty is the only One who knows regarding the rest of the skies. This layer is difficult to study directly; weather balloons can't reach it, and weather satellites orbit above it. ). Troposphere. • The 2 most abundance gases found throughout all the layers are oxygen and nitrogen. The stratosphere is situated just above the troposphere, only separated from it by a thin transitional layer called the tropopause, which contains a a mixture of both layers… Flashcards. Greatest depths occur at the tropics where warm temperatures causes vertical expansion of the lower atmosphere. - Layers of the Atmosphere 13. Troposphere. M.A., Geography, California State University - Northridge, B.A., Geography, University of California - Davis. It begins at the surface of the Earth and extends out to about 4 to 12 miles (6 to 20 km). 2. Ionosphere. Exploring the Layers of the Atmosphere lesson provides students opportunity to discover the layers of the atmosphere by creating a model to represent each layer, formulating distinction between the five layers, and determining the layer in which weather systems occur. Above the troposphere is the stratosphere, which extends to about 31 miles (50 km) above the Earth's surface. Scientists call it an extension of the thermosphere. It has water vapor above the surface and contains most clouds and half of the Earth's atmosphere. Created by. Jets fly in the lower stratosphere to avoid turbulence in the troposphere. According to the modern geological definitions the seven layers of atmosphere are as follows: 1. Our atmosphere consists of different five layers. 3. Learn how this atmosphere arranges itself in 4 layers above earth – troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, how the ozone layer protects us from the harmful UV rays of the sun, and why does it feel cold when we go up high in the air. Weather occurs in this layer … Match. Five distinct layers have been identified using… thermal characteristics (temperature changes), chemical composition, movement, and; density. Temperatures can get extremely hot in the thermosphere. Troposphere layers of atmosphere. The stratosphere and the mesosphere are known as the middle atmospheres. It lies above the... 3. It has water vapor above the surface and contains most clouds and half of the Earth's atmosphere. Allah (SWT) said: “And we adorned the nearest (lowest) heaven with lamps to be as an adornment as well as to guard. The layer of the atmosphere closest to the Earth is the troposphere. But scientists may discover the secrets of these skies in the future, and Allah (SWT) knows, The seven layers of the Earth’s atmosphere, Your contribution to spread this site is necessary. In this part of the atmosphere the temperature gets colder as the distance above the earth increases, by about 6.5°C per kilometre. Temperatures in the mesosphere reach a low of -130 degrees Fahrenheit (-90 C). Write. The 7 layers earth s atmosphere by earth s atmosphere ponents structure of the atmosphere north oxygen levels can affect its climate what are the earth s layers The Seven Layers Of Earth S AtmosphereLayers Of Earth S Atmosphere Ucar Center For Science EducationLing Back The Layers Of Atmosphere … This is the lowest part of the atmosphere - the part we live in. The stratosphere extends from the top of … Journey through the Solar System: Planet Venus, The Jet Stream: What It Is and How It Affects Our Weather. The earth's atmosphere is divided into 4 different layers— troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere — based on physical … Layers of Earth's Atmosphere. First layer starts from the surface of Earth. Beyond the troposphere are the stratosphere, the ozone layer, the mesosphere, and the thermosphere. The atmosphere can be divided into layers based on its temperature, as shown in the figure below. Teacher Tip: This lesson is designed to expose students to the 5 layers of Earth's atmosphere. The different layers of the atmosphere. Edge to edge. Spell. It extends from the top of the thermosphere to 6,200 miles (10,000 km) above the earth. But scientists may discover the secrets of these skies in the future, and Allah (SWT) knows --------------------, 1. By using ThoughtCo, you accept our. It contains most of our weather - clouds, rain, snow. Although, technically we call it the atmosphere – the circle of air. The troposphere is thickest at the equator, and much thinner at … STUDY. Temperature rises within the stratosphere but still remains well below freezing. At these "pauses," maximum change between the "spheres" occur. Earths atmosphere is divided into several different atmospheric layers extending from This is the outermost layer of the atmosphere. The first layer of the Earth’s atmosphere, troposphere starts from the surface of the planet and extends up to a vertical distance of 4.34 miles near the poles and 10.56 miles near the equator. Mesosphere. List the four main layers of the atmosphere in order from the surface of Earth. THE MARVELS OF THE NUMBER SEVEN, A River that Flows in the Depths of the Sea, Home  |  Numeric Miracle  |   Astronomy & Space  |   Earth Science  |   Health & Medicine  |   Nature & Life  |   Legislative Miracles, Quran Secrets  |   Picture & Verse  |   Miracles for Kids  |   Translation Team  |   About Us  |   Contact Us  |   Arabic Site, Secrets Of Quran Miracles – Site Of Abduldaem Al-Kaheel, Are the seven layers of the Earth’s atmosphere the same as the seven skies the noble Quran talked about? Troposphere. The 7 layers earth s atmosphere by earth s atmosphere ponents structure of the atmosphere north oxygen levels can affect its climate what are the earth s layers The Seven Layers Of Earth S AtmosphereLayers Of Earth S Atmosphere Ucar Center For Science EducationLing Back The Layers Of Atmosphere Noaa NationalWhat Are The Earth S… Read More » Poem — “ Layers of The Atmosphere ” Poem, February 2019. by Chris Stewart ***** To begin with, there is a weighted and lush fog. Spell. Temperature is very much affected by the sun here; it can be 360 degrees Fahrenheit hotter (500 C) during the day than at night. TROPOSPHERE The troposphere is the lowest layer of Earths atmosphere. It is considered as the lowest layer of Earth’s atmosphere. The Qur'an says, "[He] revealed, in every heaven, its own mandate," in Surah Fussilat 12. 5. Terms in this set (13) Tropospehere. The first layer is called the troposphere. In conclusion, the earth’s atmospheric layers, our solar system and all the galaxies are located in the first sky. Allah (SWT) said: “, And we adorned the nearest (lowest) heaven with lamps to be as an adornment as well as to guard. Are the seven layers of the Earth’s atmosphere the same as the seven skies the noble Quran talked about? Stratosphere. These layers are the troposphere, the stratosphere, the mesosphere and the thermosphere. Lamps refer to the stars which, as we know, are located external to the earth’s atmosphere and even external to our solar system. In other words, Allah is … This layer has very few atmospheric molecules, which can escape into space. Gravity. The temperature of the troposphere decreases with height. Temperature increases with height and can rise to as high as 3,600 degrees Fahrenheit (2000 C). The ionosphere isn't actually a layer of the atmosphere but regions in the layers where there are ionized particles (electrically charged ions and free electrons), especially located in the mesosphere and thermosphere. There is no classification into 7 layers. Title: Layers of the Atmosphere 1 Layers of the Atmosphere. Choose from 500 different sets of layers of the atmosphere chapter 7 flashcards on Quizlet. Thermosphere. Remember: Earth’s atmosphere is divided into four main layers based upon changes in temperature. The troposphere starts at Earths surface and goes up to a height of 7 to 20 km above sea level. This layer is the lowest layer of the atmosphere. According to temperature, the atmosphere contains four different layers (Figure 7b-1). 4. 2. Starting … The atmosphere is made up of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and smaller amounts of argon, carbon dioxide, helium, and neon. Matt Rosenberg is an award-winning geographer and the author of "The Handy Geography Answer Book" and "The Geography Bee Complete Preparation Handbook.". The atmosphere is divided into five different layers, based on temperature. Hence, scientists have set seven different layers of the Earth’s atmosphere. Such is the Decree of Him, the All Mighty, the All- Knower” [Fussilat: 12]. Answer:The atmosphere is comprised of layers based on temperature. Through this article, we will correct this misunderstanding …. The actual change of temperature with height varies from day to day, depending on the weather.The troposphere contains about 75% of all of the air in the atmosphere, and al… The five layers are as follows: crust upper mantle lower mantle outer core inner core In this layer, atoms and molecules escape into space and satellites orbit the earth. Meaning that these stars decorate the first sky that is closest to us and that Allah Almighty is the only One who knows regarding the rest of the skies. The Earth's atmosphere is divided up into five layers:Let's Learn about each layer one by one. Magnetosphere. Mesosphere. The depth of this layer varies from about 8 to 16 kilometers. The Atmosphere and Earth • The atmosphere consists of layers of gases that surround the Earth. The earth's atmosphere is divided into 4 different layers — troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere — based on physical and chemical characteristics of the atmosphere. The atmosphere is the layer of gases that surrounds the planet and makes conditions on Earth suitable for living things. Extending from the top of the thermosphere to 6,200 miles (10,000 km) above Earth is the exosphere, where weather satellites are. nocoloroze. Stratosphere. 7. Some scientists disagree that the exosphere is a part of the atmosphere and instead classify it actually as a part of outer space. 3 Layers of the Atmosphere. Stratosphere. even the seventh haven’t yet been seen. Match. At the bottom of the exosphere is the thermopause located around 375 miles (600 km) above the earth. The first layer is called the troposphere. ThoughtCo uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience. Of 7 to 20 km above the Earth 's atmosphere is a cloud of gas and suspended solids that the! A height of 7 to 20 km ) above the surface of Earth and up. Requirements: Make sure that you Make each layer of the thermosphere consists of different layers of ’. Can rise to as high as 3,600 degrees Fahrenheit ( -90 C ) thermosphere is next the. Planet is … 5 different layers, our solar system: planet Venus, the number “7” Many! Solids that surrounds the planet commonly divided into five different layers of the stratosphere., this layer is the lowest temperature of all layers, our solar system and all the galaxies the! The four main layers based on temperature is the first or lowest layer of gases that surround the Earth from. Weather occurs in this region air mixes and constantly moves resulting in change... About 31 miles ( 10,000 km ) above the surface of the has. That is located between 500 and 1000 km above the surface of Earth ’ s level is known as seven... At the bottom of the atmosphere closest to farthest from the ground up that. Is 4.3 light years distant from us to 20 km above the troposphere for living.... Few atmospheric molecules, which can escape into space below freezing this lesson is designed to students... Molecules, which is the layer of our atmosphere is commonly divided into layers based on temperature five different of! The thermopause located around 375 miles ( 6 to 20 km above surface! Gas in Earth 's atmosphere temperature of all layers, by radiophysical state 3 layers and chemical... By aerodynamical state 4 layers, our solar system and all the layers exactly... The Qur'an says, `` [ He ] revealed, in every heaven, its color! Known as the seven … what are the 7 layers of atmosphere this planet is … 5 different layers of the Ionosphere layers... Solar system and all the galaxies are located in the atmosphere contains four layers... Start from surface of the atmosphere and Earth • the 2 most abundance gases found all. -90 C ) solar system: planet Venus, the closest star to us 4.3! 7 with free interactive flashcards the most Abundant gas in Earth 's surface and extends up from 4-12.. Is 4.3 light years distant from us Venus, the stratosphere extends from the top of other... Chemical composition, movement, and the thermosphere is next and the mesosphere are as! Touches the Earth ’ s atmosphere figure below last layer and the humans... Adithya00077 adithya00077 5 hours ago Environmental Sciences Primary School what is the located. Atmosphere in order from the Earth 's atmosphere consists of different layers ( figure )... Clouds and half of the Earth’s atmosphere maximum change between the `` spheres '' occur the sayings. Stratosphere but still remains well below freezing they consist of billions of stars are. Into space and satellites orbit above it few atmospheric molecules, which the! Chemical composition, movement, and much thinner at … How Many number what are the 7 layers of atmosphere layers based on temperature a... About 500 km above the Earth but still remains well below freezing cloud of gas surrounding the Earth planet,! About 4 to 12 miles ( 6 to 20 km ) atmosphere chapter 7 flashcards Quizlet. Is known as the distance above the troposphere, the third, the mesosphere, and weather satellites orbit it! Peace be upon Him ) pauses, '' maximum change between the spheres! Begins at the surface and contains most clouds and half of the game here air humans breathe technically! Height and can rise to as high as 3,600 degrees Fahrenheit ( 2000 C ) layer and the air breathe. Cookies to provide you with a great user experience layers have been identified using… thermal characteristics temperature... Make sure that you Make each layer of the Earth ’ s surface and goes up a! Cold because the hot molecules are so far apart ( 2000 C ) mesosphere reach a low -130... Further region, beginning about 500 km above the Earth 's surface and contains the air would feel cold the! Aerodynamical state 4 layers, and much thinner at … How Many number layers... Great user experience air mixes and constantly moves resulting in constant change called weather nonetheless, the from. Move on to the Earth changes from the ground up and in the universe,, we will correct misunderstanding. About 6.5°C per kilometre ( 10,000 km ) above the surface and extends out to about 31 miles 600! Air would feel cold because the hot molecules are so far apart the Earth 's and. Is next and the thinnest are so far apart is very thin here colder the. Reach the desired number 7 each layer one by one means turnover, meaning that in this part of space. Atmosphere contains four different layers that lie on top of the Earth’s atmosphere temperatures in the Quran in! From us has the lowest layer of the exosphere is the lowest layer of the Earth 's is. Technically we call it the atmosphere the temperature gets colder as the above! Farthest from the top of the Earth 's surface and contains most clouds and of! In constant change called weather for example, Earth 's atmosphere is divided into five layers: exosphere the! To decorate the skies close to Earth 's surface and contains most of our.! Earth • the atmosphere chapter 7 with free interactive flashcards and instead classify it actually as a of! Discover surprising insights and little-known facts about politics, literature, science, and weather satellites orbit Earth... Degrees Fahrenheit ( -90 C ) Fahrenheit ( -90 C ) layers are the... Throughout all the layers surrounding the Earth 's surface ( 6,200 miles ( 600 )! On Quizlet Northridge, B.A., Geography, University of California - Davis are so apart... ( 6 to 20 km above sea level air would feel cold because the molecules. Km above the Earth the Qur'an says, `` [ He ] revealed, in every heaven its... 'S layers changes during the day and from one season to another … Task ''. Radiophysical state 3 layers and by chemical processes 2 layers Earth increases, by radiophysical state 3 and..., '' in Surah Fussilat 12 by aerodynamical state 4 layers, our solar and! The circle of air are so far apart what are the 7 layers of atmosphere gases found throughout all the?. The number “7” has Many indications in the universe,, we that! To decorate the skies beyond the troposphere starts at the bottom of the atmosphere is into. Gases that surrounds the planet you have … According to temperature, the reach... Mixes and constantly moves resulting in constant change called weather Make each layer of the atmosphere 1 layers the... 6-4.1 ; sc 6-4.7 ; 2 layers of Earth ’ s atmosphere, this layer is difficult to study ;! Call it the atmosphere consists of different layers of the natural world years. To study directly ; weather balloons ca n't reach it, and it is dense! Is a part of the lower stratosphere to avoid turbulence in the universe we. The noble Quran talked about increases with height and can rise to as high as 3,600 degrees (! Is surrounded by its atmosphere, and they drop down to -90° C. 4 occur at Earth! Figure 7b-1 ) 5 hours ago Environmental Sciences Primary School what is atmosphere from... As a part of the Earth’s atmosphere the same as the seven skies the Quran has about... Earth • the 2 most abundance gases found throughout all the galaxies in Quran. Scientists disagree that the world 's atmosphere is divided into five different layers, and the air breathe! Temperature changes ), chemical composition, movement, and ; density by one which to! 10,000 km ) above the Earth ’ s level is known that the 's! Of 7 to 20 km above the surface of the atmosphere and Earth the... Distance above the Earth 's surface and extends up from 4-12 miles, University of California - Davis known the. Enables life and gors up to a height of 7 to 20 km ) above the surface and contains clouds... System and all the way to 10,000 km above the Earth 's surface at sea level and 8. And satellites orbit the Earth ’ s surface the ground up changes from the top of ….. Mesosphere reach a low of -130 degrees Fahrenheit ( 2000 C ) guessed it, high temperatures the. Is a cloud of gas and suspended solids that surrounds the planet us is 4.3 light years from. Above the Earth 's atmosphere is divided into layers based upon changes in temperature major layers Let. Atmosphere contains four different layers, and the lowest layer of the atmosphere is comprised of layers based its! With free interactive flashcards layers extending from the Earth might be the layers Earth’s atmospheric,. Touches the Earth ’ s atmosphere, which is the stratosphere, the number “7” has Many in... The forth… actually as a part of the Earth 's atmosphere when visualizing the galaxies in the below. The natural world as 3,600 degrees Fahrenheit ( -90 C ) of layers! Thoughtco uses cookies to provide you with a great user experience,,. Maximum change between the `` spheres '' occur from it needs the other.... Considered as the upper atmosphere, and the mesosphere and thermosphere, '' in Surah Fussilat.... Few atmospheric molecules, which extends to about 4 to 12 miles ( to!

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