The so-called "Rules of the Tirukkunavay Temple" provided model and precedent for all other Jain temples of Kerala. 2. [33] This document records the royal gift of rights and privileges to the Jewish Chief of Anjuvannam Joseph Rabban. Miller, Roland. ) from India, while 7,249,000 Hindus and Sikhs moved to India from Pakistan (both West and East Pakistan). E. J. Brill, Leiden. © 2013-14 - The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India, New Delhi-110011 Work Participation Rate by Religion Work participation rate, i.e., the percentage of workers to total population for the country is 39.1 per cent in 2001 Census. [8] Based on 1951 census of displaced persons, 7,226,000 Muslims went to Pakistan (both West and East Pakistan EMBED (for wordpress.com hosted blogs and archive.org item tags) Want more? The following Chart shows how the census questionnaire, the primary tool of census operations had been developed from census to census taking into account the changing needs of the country. Epigraphical evidence suggests that the shrine at "Tirukkunavay", perhaps located near Cochin, was the major Jain temple in medieval Kerala (from c. 9th century CE). According to 2001 Census of India figures, 56.2% of Kerala's residents are Hindus, 24.7% are Muslims, 19% are Christians, and the remaining 1.1% follows other religions. Of this loss of more than 18 percentage points, 14 have been lost after 1951. 1987 pp. The Jews were protected. 458-56. Like elsewhere, Hindus worship many divinities (gods and goddesses), the most important being - Brahma, Vishnu and Maheshwara (Siva) - thecreator, the preservator and destroyer. Various groups classified as tribes in Kerala still dominate various remote and hilly areas of Kerala. As per available data, nearly 69% of Kerala population followed Indic religions, predominantly Hinduism in 1901. The only verifiable historical evidence about the Kerala Jews goes back only to the Jewish Copper Plate Grant of Bhaskara Ravi Varman in 1000 AD. Different religions followed by different people living in different parts […] [39] According to Knanaya christians, an endogamous ethnic group found among the Saint Thomas Christian community of Kerala, their existence in Kerala is traced back to the arrival of the Syrian merchant Thomas of Cana (Knāi Thoma) who led a migration of Syriac Christians (Jewish-Christians) from Mesopotamia to India in the 4th or 9th century. [43] But at onset of an invasion Thomas is believed to have left northwest India traveled by vessel to the Malabar Coast, possibly visiting southeast Arabia and Socotra en route, and landing at the former flourishing port of Muziris (modern-day North Paravur and Kodungalloor). 1.14 Literacy rate in India and Kerala from 1951 to 2001 Census 64 1.15 District wise increase of Literacy rate 1991 & 2001 Census 65 1.16 Expectation of Life at birth in Kerala – Rural 66 1.17 Important vital rates in Kerala – Rural 66 1.18 Age specific fertility rates in Kerala – Rural 67 1.19 Age specific death rates in Kerala Rural 68 [56] They have retained various rituals and practices of their ancestors despite influences of mainstream religions. The tradition of the Cochin Jews maintains that after 72 AD, after the destruction of the Second Temple of Jerusalem, 10,000 Jews migrated to Kerala.[32]. Since the 1960s, only a few hundred Jews (mostly white Jews) remained in Kerala with only two synagogues open for service: the Pardesi Synagogue in Matancherry built in 1567 and the synagogue in Parur. Islam religion first came to Kerala and it is considered that this religion entered into India via Kerala. 1951 Indian census showed that there were 8.3 million Christians. The major protestant denominations in Kerala are pentecostal churches, Some of the prominent churches are: St. Thomas Syro-Malabar Church, Malayattoor St. George's Forane Church Manarcad Church, St. Mary's Church, Niranam, St. Peter and St. Paul's Church, Parumala, St. George Orthodox Church Puthuppally Pally, St. Stanislaus Forane Church, Mala, St. George's Church, Kadamattom, Marthoman Cathedral, Mulanthuruthy, Chengannur Pazhaya Suriyani Pally, Kozhencherry St. Thomas Marthoma Church, Nilakkal St. Thomas Ecumenical Church and Mother of God Church, Vettukad. During the 7th century, Kerala and Middle East had trade relations. But in 2017 as per the state government's decision, the priests from the historically backward caste communities are now being appointed as priests. Katz 2000; Koder 1973; Thomas Puthiakunnel 1973; David de Beth Hillel, 1832; Lord, James Henry 1977. They destroyed the Jewish settlement in kodungallur and sacked the Jewish town in Cochin and partially destroyed the famous Cochin Synagogue in 1661. Hindus comprised 303.5 million (84.1%), Sikhs were 6.86 million (1.9%) and Muslims were 35.4 million (9.8%) in the 1951 census. The share of Hindus in India’s population has shown the sharpest dip in a decade since Independence and has dropped below 80 per cent. In the census preceding that (in 1951), Kerala’s female-male ratio was already as high as 1.028, and in the subsequent censuses we see some variations in that ratio—falling to 1.022 in 1961 and to 1.016 in 1971, before rising again to 1.032 in 1981 and to 1.040 in the 1991 census. By 1951, their numbers had dwindled to 61%. [11] Hindus comprised about 73 per cent of the population of India before partition and just after independence, Independent India in (1947) have roughly around 85 per cent Hindus. The Jews and Arabs were the pioneers in spice trade.he Islam religion was spread through these traders who came from Middle East. Miller, E. Roland. This widespread participation in the "Gulf Rush" produced huge economic and social benefits for the community. After the creation of the State of Israel in 1948, most Jews decided to emigrate to Israel. Anglo-Indian Christian communities formed around this time as Europeans and local Malayalis intermarried. Syriac Christians in Kerala are also called Nasranis and they are Syro-Malabar Catholic Church, Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church, Malankara Jacobite Syriac Orthodox Church, Assyrian Church of the East, Chaldean Syrian Church, Saint Thomas Anglicans, Syro-Malankara Catholic Church and Marthoma Syrian Church. He was instrumental in establishing four mathas at Sringeri, Dwarka, Puri and Jyotirmath. From 1951 to 1991, Population growth in Kerala was steady, from there on there has been a decrease in the population growth rate. The huge growth in urban population during the past decade 2001-2011 (92.72 %) could be attributed squarely to the manifold increase in number of Towns in the State between 2001 & 2011 from 159 to 520. [1] It is also the first census after independence and Partition of India. With the arrival of the Aryans, caste system evolved. Just because the most famous God of Kerala has a best friend who is a Muslim saint, do you think Hinduism is going to be extinct in Kerala? [30], Politically, the Muslims in Kerala have exhibited more unanimity than any other major communities in modern Kerala. [44][45][46] The Knanaya claim descent from Thomas of Cana and those who came with him. Population from 2001 and 2011 census, with percentage by religion for each district[clarification needed], T. Nandakumar, "54.72 % of population in Kerala are Hindus". 47.72% of the total population of Kerala are from Urban. Chennai-based Centre for Policy Studies states that the number of Muslims was 37.7 million (10.4%). Main article: Religion in Kerala In comparison with the rest of India, Kerala experiences relatively little sectarianism. Protestantism arrived a few centuries later with missionary activity during British rule. This was included in the 1951-52 census after independence but was abolished in the 1961-62 census. [20][21] Muslim merchant magnates owning ships, spread their shipping and trading business interests across the Indian Ocean. Adi Shankara was a Hindu philosopher who contributed to Hinduism and propagated philosophy of Advaita. The first Roman Catholic Diocese in India was founded at Quilon in the year 1329 with the Catalan Dominican friar Jordanus Catalani as first Bishop. [31], Judaism arrived in Kerala with spice traders, possibly as early as the 7th century BC. "Planning for the 2001 Census of India Based on the 1991 Census", "Census of India: Variation in Population since 1901", "National Register of Citizens in Assam: Issue of illegal foreigners continues to be a major political one", "Assam: Overhaul of National Register of Citizens sparks controversy", "Despite stains, democracy has thrived in India", "Census: Hindu share dips below 80%, Muslim share grows but slower", "Demographic Dividend and Indian Muslims - i", "Table 1.8: Population of India by Religion", Census of India, 1951, Volume 1, Part 1-A – Report, Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1951_Census_of_India&oldid=991067480, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 28 November 2020, at 02:31. As per 2011 census Kerala population religion wise, Hinduism is with 54.7%, followed by Muslim with 26.5% and Christianity with 18.3%. 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