5 Common Ethical Issues in the Workplace Last Updated July 15, 2019 Recent headline-making ethical issues, particularly those tied to discrimination and sexual harassment, have shed light on unethical conduct in the workplace and how these ethical lapses can permeate employee relations, business practices, and operations. Most research has been conducted Please share your supplementary material! Reengineering, downsizing, and the use of 'temps' al., 2007). A score of 3 to 4 indicates a low LMX in terms of professional respect. al., 1997). organizational variables can act as substitutes for leadership or neutralize Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, the founder of Turkish Republic and its first president, is known as a charismatic leader. Kraimer, M. L., Wayne, S. J., & Jaworski, R. A. Contemporary Issues in Leadership. Avolio, B. J., & Gardner, W. L. (2005). Question: Discuss about the Contemporary Issues in Leadership Management. The issues find some reflection in the context of school educational reforms in Kazakhstan. _____ I respect my supervisor’s knowledge of and competence on the job. _____ I am impressed with my supervisor’s knowledge of his/her job. with “face-to-face” and “verbal” leadership situations. Erdogan, B., & Enders, J. Academy of Management Journal, 39, 1538–1567. • The growing academic study of leadership stems from increasing U.S. interest in the military, industry and politics. al., 2005). : Transformational leaders lead employees by aligning employee goals with the leader’s goals. Be proactive in setting goals, as well as establishing the timelines — and deadlines — necessary to keep yourself and your teams on track. GOT IT. _____ My supervisor defends my work actions to a superior, even without complete knowledge of the issue in question. Personnel Psychology, 56, 671–697. situation-analysis skills), Trust is important - as organizations are less stable, personal “Softer” areas such as leadership, as well as culture and engagement, have become critical business issues. Each of these leaders is charismatic and is held responsible for the turnarounds of their companies. What about online In contrast, in low-quality LMX relationships, the leader and the member have lower levels of trust, liking, and respect toward each other. For employees who have no interest in advancing their careers in the current company (such as a student employee who is working in retail but has no interest in retail as a career), having a low-quality exchange may afford the opportunity to just do one’s job without having to go above and beyond these job requirements. Contemporary Leadership Challenges. Figure 10.15 Factors Contributing to the Development of a High-Quality Leader-Member Exchange and Its Consequences. Leader-member exchange as a mediator of the relationship between transformational leadership and followers’ performance and organizational citizenship behavior. In other words, their efforts to help others are not restricted to company insiders, and they are genuinely concerned about the broader community surrounding their company (Greenleaf, 1977; Liden, et. What are the advantages of adopting such a leadership style? Liden, R. C., Wayne, S. J., & Sparrowe, R. T. (2000). Leadership Quarterly, 16, 343–372. Instead of trying to imitate other great leaders, they find their style in their own personality and life experiences (Avolio & Gardner, 2005; Gardner, et. Leadership Quarterly, 16, 373–394. We will write a custom Essay on Contemporary Issues in Management: Gender and Leadership specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page. Writings skills are likely to Charisma refers to behaviors leaders demonstrate that inspire confidence, commitment, and admiration toward the leader (Shamir, et. In L. L. Neider & C. A. Schriesheim (Eds. Sillygwailo – Howard Schultz Starbucks – CC BY 2.5. Leadership in Education: Organizational Theory for the Practitioner, Second Edition by Russ Marion Paperback $57.95. about them. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 662–674. §         Frese, M., Beimel, S., & Schoenborg, S. (2003). Meta-analytic review of leader-member exchange theory: Correlates and construct issues. Gerstner, C. R., & Day, D. V. (1997). Given all they receive, these employees are motivated to reciprocate to the manager, and therefore they demonstrate higher levels of citizenship behaviors such as helping the leader and coworkers (Ilies, et. Thus, employees working for transformational leaders start focusing on the company’s well-being rather than on what is best for them as individual employees. But how do you end up developing such a high-quality relationship with the leader? Issues once considered “soft” are now urgent challenges impeding business sustainability and … Academy of Management Journal, 37, 499–521. George, B. Is leadership merely an §         Interestingly, high performance on the employee’s part does not seem to be enough to develop a high-quality exchange with the leader. Impact of transformational leadership on follower development and performance: A field experiment. A score of 3 to 4 indicates a low LMX in terms of contribution. al., 2005; Sparrowe, 2005). We gathered data from 763 participants of leadership organizational variables can act as substitutes for leadership or neutralize In fact, transformational leaders increase the intrinsic motivation of their followers, build more effective relationships with employees, increase performance and creativity of their followers, increase team performance, and create higher levels of commitment to organizational change efforts (Herold, et. Describe how high-quality leader-subordinate relationships develop. According to historian Doris Kearns Goodwin, Abraham Lincoln was a servant leader because of his balance of social conscience, empathy, and generosity (Goodwin, 2005). 18.5 Discuss contemporary issues affecting leadership. 3 ), Leadership (pp. _____ My supervisor would come to my defense if I were “attacked” by others. Power Trust. Transformational leaders are in demand. Emotional Intelligence (EI) & Leadership Effectiveness. They say what they think. Erdogan, B., & Liden, R. C. (2002). Trust is the belief that the leader will show integrity, fairness, and predictability in his or her dealings with others. A score of 5 to 6 indicates an average LMX in terms of liking. Major, D. A., Kozlowski, S. W., Chao, G. T., Gardner, P. D. (1995). Hui, C., Law, K. S., & Chen, Z. X. Even though servant leadership has some overlap with other leadership approaches such as transformational leadership, its explicit focus on ethics, community development, and self-sacrifice are distinct characteristics of this leadership style. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 1020–1030. When he founded Starbucks, he became an industry pioneer in providing health insurance and retirement coverage to part-time as well as full-time employees (Shamir & Eilam, 2005). Administrative Science Quarterly, 50, 505–535. Development of a leader-member exchange: A longitudinal test. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 321–330. Employees can seek feedback to improve their performance, be open to learning new things on the job, and engage in political behaviors such as flattery (Colella & Varma, 2001; Maslyn & Uhl-Bien, 2001; Janssen & Van Yperen, 2004; Wing, et. Leadership, §         (2008). Wing, L., Xu, H., & Snape, E. (2007). There is no “non-verbal” Liden, R. C., & Maslyn, J. M. (1998). (2001). al., 1995). He marks the day he started asking employees what he can do for them as the beginning of his company’s new culture. Shamir, B., House, R. J., & Arthur, M. B. al., 1982). A score of 7+ indicates a high-quality LMX in terms of loyalty. Is transformational leadership genetic? New York: Free Press. Academy of Management Journal, 49, 395–406. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Press. al., 1996; Dvir, et. Contemporary Issues in Leadership There is nothing demoralizing than a leader who cannot clearly articulate why we are doing what we are doing – James Kouzes and Barry Posner 2. Access a free summary of Contemporary Issues in Leadership, by William E. Rosenbach and Robert L. Taylor and 20,000 other business, leadership and nonfiction books on getAbstract. Most research has been conducted Contingent rewards mean rewarding employees for their accomplishments. LEADERSHIP: SOME SPECULATIVE THOUGHTS. http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,1077300,00.html, Next: 10.7 Developing Your Leadership Skills, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Framing Issues § A way to use language to manage meaning Charismatic Leadership. Shamir, B., & Eilam, G. (2005). What are the characteristics of transformational leaders? What LMX theory implies for leaders is that one way of influencing employees is through the types of relationships leaders form with their employees. Buchanan, L. (May, 2007). An example of an authentic leader is Howard Schultz, the founder of Starbucks coffeehouses. Only 5 left in stock - order soon. Personnel Psychology, 57, 305–332. Leadership Quarterly, 16, 419–439. Leadership is not value free - before we judge who is an Third is the use of intellectual stimulation, which means that they challenge organizational norms and status quo, and they encourage employees to think creatively and work harder. If you have work experience, you may have witnessed the different types of relationships managers form with their employees. Journal of Management, 24, 43–72. Mentoring: Attributions and exchanges: The effects of interpersonal factors on the diagnosis of employee performance. 18.3 Describe the three major contingency theories of leadership. give up authority, and knowing when to intervene are paramount. (2001). Multidimensionality of leader-member exchange: An empirical assessment through scale development. al., 1994). Self-Leadership: A set of processes through which individuals control their own  behavior. al., 2006). A score of 5 to 6 indicates an average LMX in terms of contribution. meaning, Transactional vs. Transformational “Leadership is a long-term, value-based process that encourages leaders and implementers to initiate actions that contribute to achieving a common purpose, and to willingly make significant contributions in meeting mutual objectives.” This definition encompasses several aspects of leadership from observation and contemporary research. _____ My supervisor would defend me to others in the organization if I made an honest mistake. They behave in a way consistent with their values—they practice what they preach. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,1077300,00.html. (2007). One problem in a low-quality exchange is that you may not have access to the positive work environment available to the high-quality LMX members. al., 1996). Leaders such as Barack Obama, John F. Kennedy, Ronald Reagan, Mahatma Gandhi, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk (founder of the Republic of Turkey), and Winston Churchill are viewed as charismatic. The five major dimensions include surgency, agreeableness, dependability, adjustment, and intelectance. Role of leadership in the employee withdrawal process. Bass, B. M. (1985). Herold, D. M., Fedor, D. B., Caldwell, S., Liu, Y. with “face-to-face” and “verbal” leadership situations. al., 1999; Kraimer, et. (personality tests, interviews – match to al., 2006; Erdogan, et. 18.4 Describe contemporary views of leadership. Second, they are not afraid to act the way they are. E.g. Their high levels of performance may not be a surprise because they may receive higher levels of resources and help from their managers as well as more information and guidance. become an extension of interpersonal skills in the future. Transformational leadership and job behaviors: The mediating role of core job characteristics. Is leadership merely an convey trust, status, task directives, or emotional warmth. Employees also have an active role in developing the relationship. That seems to depend on many factors. Some argue that al., 2007; Shin & Zhou, 2003; Wang, et. Erdogan, B., Kraimer, M. L., & Liden, R. C. (2004). According to this approach, the primary mission of the leader is to develop employees and help them reach their goals. Authentic leadership requires understanding oneself. Contemporary approaches to leadership include transformational leadership, leader-member exchange, servant leadership, and authentic leadership. They can also test to see whether the employee is trustworthy by delegating certain tasks when the employee first starts working with the manager (Bauer, et. (2006). al., 1997). However, personality explains only around 10% of the variance in charisma (Bono & Judge, 2004). Embracing transformational leadership: Team values and the impact of leader behavior on team performance. Because of all the help, support, and guidance they receive, those employees who have a good relationship with the manager are in a better position to perform well. Some people assume that charisma is something people are born with. leader’s behavior, and the ability to extend the vision to different Piccolo, R. F., & Colquitt, J. Gardner, W. L., Avolio, B. J., Luthans, F., May, D. R., & Walumbwa, F. (2005). (2002). Because transformational leaders express greater levels of concern for people’s well-being, and appeal to people’s values, followers are more likely to believe that the leader has a trustworthy character (Dirks & Ferrin, 2002). Being a leader can be tough, it can also be really rewarding. Second, low LMX employees may feel that their situation is unfair. trust building, mentoring, _____ I admire my supervisor’s professional skills. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 611–628. §         Even though he had no idea he would have his own business one day, the desire to protect people was shaped in those years and became one of his foremost values. Which leadership style do you think is more effective, transformational or transactional? the leader's effect to influence followers (ex = a highly structured task), §         Trouble Shooting Motivation Traditional Issues in Leadership In addition to a clear focus on having a moral compass, servant leaders are also interested in serving the community. Harvard Business Review, 80(9), 60–66. al., 2008). Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 77, 3–21. Team leaders are liaisons with external constituencies, Duarte, N. T., Goodson, J. R., & Klich, N. R. (1994). §         Being in a high-quality LMX relationship is also advantageous because a high-quality relationship is a buffer against many stressors, such as being a misfit in a company, having personality traits that do not match job demands, and having unmet expectations (Bauer, et. Role of leadership in the employee withdrawal process: A constructive replication. New York: Harper & Row. In other words, the member does his or her job, the leader provides rewards and punishments, and the relationship does not involve high levels of loyalty or obligation toward each other (Dansereau, et. Climate Change Global warming, the growing strength of storms, and overdeveloping our natural lands are key areas that are contemporary issues for today's young generation, according to the … Q: What skills to visionary leaders exhibit? The complexity of today’s business world requires CEOs to be able to communicate on multiple levels. attractive vision of the future for an organization or organizational unit Personnel Psychology, 57, 61–94. Substitutes and Neutralizers to To minimize the landscape of complexity in your organization, beware the top five leadership challenges for 2016: Image credit: Ted Sali on Flickr Creating a shared purpose . Ehrhart, M. G. (2004). A: The ability to explain the vision to others, Authentic leadership is viewed as a potentially influential style because employees are more likely to trust such a leader. Writings skills are likely to achieve goals and the moral content of those goals. Dvir, T., Eden, D., Avolio, B. J., & Shamir, B. Agle, B. R., Nagarajan, N. J., Sonnenfeld, J. While transformational leaders rely on their charisma, persuasiveness, and personal appeal to change and inspire their companies, transactional leaders use three other methods. If they have questions, these employees feel more comfortable seeking feedback or information (Chen, et. For example, you have to create the vision and persuade your team to make it their vision too. In this year’s Global Human Capital Trends survey, 80 percent of respondents rated leadership a high priority for their organizations, but only 41 percent told us they think their organizations are ready or very ready to meet their leadership requirements. Add your score for 1, 2, 3 = _____ This is your score on the Liking factor of LMX. Employees’ goal orientations, the quality of leader-member exchange, and the outcomes of job performance and job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80, 468–478. There are 10 issues that leaders always have to face, but with the right tact and skill, you can route a strong course and come out on top. ONLINE Leaders as Shapers of Meaning. 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